Cooperative Learning / Bilingual & Multiculture Programs

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...SETTINGS

Since the late-1960s cooperative learning has been shown to be an especially effective instructional process for enhancing academic and social skills in numerous types of settings with diverse populations. In fact, the cooperative techniques developed by the Johns Hopkins University were in direct response to U.S. Supreme Court rulings for integration in the South. There were massive amounts of grant money for those school districts in the country who were under Court Order to desegregate and integrate their schools. Success was repeatedly evident not only in test scores of academics but in anecdotal and video-taped recordings of the socialization of students from two specific races: African-American, or Black, and Caucasian who had historically been unfriendly, at best, towards each other (Slavin and DeVries, 1975).
Prior to this time, however, David Johnson was attending Columbia University and was working directly with Morton Deutsch who, in 1948, identified three 'goal structures' under which classrooms operated: individualistic where each student worked at their own pace; competitive where students were actually pitted against each other by limiting the number of...

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