Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

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...similar characteristics had been independently identified in France (Dehaene et al., 1977) and in Seattle (in Clarren & Smith, 1978) as a specific subgroup of children born to alcoholic mothers. Early insights on FAS suggested a biological cause for some of the problems seen in children of alcoholic mothersand indicated that these problems could be prevented if women did not drink alcohol during pregnancy. Two decades of laboratory research have validated these early findings on the causes of FAS. For example, experimental research has shown that alcohol is teratogenic across a wide variety of species and conditions of exposure, and it is the most commonly used known human teratogen in the world. Alcohol also causes FAS, with an estimated prevalence of 1-3/1,000 live births (in Day, 1992) Initially, researchers thought that the CNS effects of FAS were primarily manifested as mental retardation or "microcephaly." There was an implicit assumption that the treatment and service needs of patients with FAS would be like those of patients with Down syndrome (Laude et al., 1992). However, FAS did not turn out to...

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