...Goldbach introduced his three prime conjecture in a letter to Leonhard Euler. The conjecture, which asserted that every number greater than 2 can be written as the sum of three prime numbers, was based in the then accepted belief that 1 is a prime number. Since that time, alterations in Goldbach's conjecture have occurred as a result of the change in conventions regarding the nature of the number one and the subsequent changes in central postulate of this conjecture. Imperative to an understanding of Goldbach's contribution to mathematical thinking is the underlying elements that lead to his development of the conjecture, the transformation of the conjecture following changes in convention regarding the number 1, and the efforts to prove or disprove Goldbach's conjecture, which have transformed Goldbach's ternary conjecture to the later versions, described as either strong or binary Goldbach conjecture. Because Goldbach's conjecture is based on the assertion of statistical assessments and probability, the various efforts...